| HWS 101 |
Introduction to the History of Warfare with Reference to Precolonial Africa up to the 1880s |
War has always been part of society in precolonial Africa. This module will introduce students to the history, causes and types of warfare in pre-colonial Africa. By the end of the module, students should be able to explain the history, causes and types of warfare in pre- colonial Africa with a view to examining their relevance in contemporary Africa. |
| HWS 102 |
Introduction to Security Studies |
The term security has been subject to intense debate among scholars in both international and domestic spheres. It has also undergone some fundamental changes from the emphasis on national security to human security as the referent object of security. The module equips students with the knowledge to explain the theoretical debates in Security Studies and key concepts such as national security, international security, regional security and human security. By the end of the module students should be able to use the knowledge and skills gained from the module to advise policy makers to design national security policies which are embedded into the human security. |
| HWS 103 |
Rise of Modern Warfare 14th to late 18th Century |
Present-day conflicts are influenced by traditional modern warfare. This module surveys the evolution and development of modern warfare from the Hundred Years War to 1750. By the end of the module, students should be able to map the causes, background, course, casualties, weaponry, general staff development and effects of warfare during this period. |
| HWS 104 |
Terrorism: An Introduction |
Terrorism has become a global phenomenon since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, which changed the global political order. This module introduces the student to the challenges of terrorism, factors leading to terrorism, war on terror and manifestations of terrorism. By the end of this module, students should be able to appreciate and explain the causes of terrorism, the extent, manifestation and offer solutions to the challenge of terrorism. |
| HWS 105 |
Civil-military Relations |
The basis of civil- military relations is a dilemma which on the other hand must create a military establishment strong enough to protect the state and on the other ensure that the same military establishment does not turn on its state or the citizens that established it. This module is designed to equip students with the knowledge to explain the theories of civil- military relations, the development and evolution of civil – military relations. At the end of the module, students should be able to work with civil society organisations and government to design policies for civilian oversight control of the military. |
| HWS 106 |
Modern Warfare Late 18th to 20th Centuries |
The period from the Napoleonic wars to the end of the Second World War was a crucial watershed in the history of modern warfare. The module will mainly explore the background of wars and/or battles, planning, deployment and impact as a result of tactics and military technology used. By the end of the module, students should be able to identify, analyse and assess the concepts, strategies and tactics and technologies that were in use in the late eighteenth century up to the end of the Second World War. |
| HWS 107 |
Research Methods and Techniques in War and Security Studies |
This module is designed to empower students with research methods and skills as a way of preparing them for their research dissertations and improving their abilities of gathering data and processing it into usable information. By the end of the module, students should be able to apply methodologies drawn from both the qualitative and quantitative traditions, as well as the various decisions and steps involved in crafting (and executing) a research methodology in war and security studies |
| HWS 108 |
A Further History of Warfare with Reference to Africa 1885 to 1994 |
The colonisation of Africa had a profound impact on relations between and among African people and groups. This module is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills to explore the early violent conflicts and wars which took place in Africa during the colonial and early post-independence period. By the end of the module, students should be able to explain the causes, nature and consequences of colonial and post-colonial warfare in Africa. This should therefore inform students to design contemporary war policies as well as policies that prevent violent conflicts. |
| HWS 109 |
Environmental Conflict and Security |
Environmental degradation has become one of the major causes of conflicts and disasters. This module is designed to equip students with knowledge and skills about the environment and its contribution to security. By the end of the module, students should be able to identify the components of designing environmental mitigation frameworks, assess and manage environmental security threats and promote the protection of the environment. |
| HWS 110 |
Insurgency and Non-state Actor Security Challenges |
Most conflicts that are bedeviling the African continent are internally induced. The module introduces students to theories of political violence in the context of contemporary warfare. By the end of the module students will be able to define and identify elements of insurgency, the causes and dynamics of insurgency and approaches to counterinsurgency. Furthermore, students will be empowered with skills to inform public policy on how to fight and defeat armed groups that emanate from within nation states. |
| HWS 201 |
Evolution and Transformation of Military Technology |
A reflection on the battles and tactics sheds light on both the brutality of modern warfare and the revolution in military technology. This module equips students with the knowledge in the developments in military technology and how they have impacted on strategy and tactics in the execution of military campaigns. By the end of the module, students will be able to identify and explain the historical and contemporary changes in military technology (from medieval times) to the present and how this has had an impact on the conduct of warfare. |
| HWS 202 |
Arms Control and Disarmament |
Arms control has always been a controversial feature of the international system which was once described by others as an attempt by the armed to disarm the unarmed. This module equips knowledge and skills on students to explain the history and motivations for arms control and the challenges which have confronted efforts targeting beating the swords into ploughshares/ plow shares (Isaiah 2:4). By the end of the module students are able to develop and refine domestic and international legal instruments on arms control and disarmament in a bid to create a safe domestic and international environment. |
| HWS 203 |
Security and Development |
The nexus between security and development is vital; there cannot be development without security and vice versa. This module aims to equip students with knowledge on the relationship between security and development, the causes of insecurity and the effects of underdevelopment. By the end of the module, students should be able to map the security and development nexus, interrogate the myths that surround conflict, security and formulate policies that improve security and development. |
| HWS 204 |
Theories and Practice of Nonviolence |
Nonviolence is an imprecise, often misunderstood, frequently abused term. This module examines the role of nonviolence as a philosophy and practice in promoting social change. It can be used in very narrow or broad constructs and can be based on a wide variety of philosophies and practices. By the end of the module students will be empowered with the pertinent skills necessary in applying the different approaches to nonviolence, comparing their strengths and weaknesses. Students will also the equipped with skills to enhance their focus on the ways that the practice of nonviolence has been and can be used to change human societies including any individual application and the social movements related to the various philosophies of nonviolence. |
| HWS 205 |
Migration and Security |
International Migration has become a topical issue in contemporary international security discourse. This module is designed to unpack the security challenges that are posed by migration such as spread of diseases, terrorist activities, xenophobia etc. By the end of the module students should be able to identify the causes, nature and consequences of migration, the security implications of migration and assist policy makers to design migration and security policies. |
| HWS 206 |
Strategic Doctrine, Mechanisation and Airpower |
The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki changed the strategic doctrine of many nations and saw airpower stealing the limelight from conventional warfare. This module is designed to equip students with background concepts on the rise of strategic doctrine and airpower in different countries up to the end of the Second World War. By the end of the module students should be able to draw experiences of the development of strategic doctrine, mechanization and airpower to help governments to design effective strategic doctrines and defense mechanisms to enhance national security. |
| HWS 208 |
Drought, Famine and Security |
Droughts and famines have a negative effect on security. This module is designed to equip students with the knowledge about food security and food stability and their key determinants. By the end of the module, students should be able to identify drivers of food insecurity, their effects on state and human security, design mitigation strategies and policies to improve food security. |
| HWS 209 |
Counterterrorism |
The module introduces students to the evolving study of combating and thwarting the scourge of terrorism known as counterterrorism. By the end of the module students will be able to identify and explain various case studies of counterterrorism citing their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, students will be able to engage critically and knowledgeably with the recent and current issues related to the ‘War on Terror’ and radicalisation and extremism, as well as generate alternative measures in countering terrorism. |
| HWS 210 |
Critical Infrastructure Protection |
The continual operation of critical infrastructure especially: water systems, transport systems, and energy systems is very central even in conflict situations. This module is designed to equip students with the skills to identify local key infrastructures, develop security measures and revise protection of key security assets. By the end of the module, students will be able to apply their deeper understanding of the operations of critical infrastructure in the operation of a state during or after a conflict situation and the steps necessary in their protection. |
| HWS 301 |
Geo-Spatial Intelligence |
To be taught with Geography Geospatial Sciences and Earth Observation |
| HWS 302 |
Modern Warfare in Asia up to 1945 |
The evolution and development of warfare in Asia is a crucial area in understanding warfare which is usually understudied by students of military history and security. In this regard, this module introduces students to Asian military history up to 1945. By the end of the module, students will be able to apply the knowledge of Asian military history and the ideas of the strategists. Students will apply this knowledge in underscoring how it has shaped conflict in the region including the military and technological developments as well as the causes, course and effects of conflicts in the Asiatic part of the world and elsewhere. |
| HWS 303 |
Security Management |
Effective security management is far more than simply reacting to risks and threats and it is an important strategic capability. The module is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills to identify the security threats posed on a local, national and global levels. By the end of the module students should be able to apply the skills and knowledge gathered to help organisations and governments design security management systems that effectively protect property and people from a plethora of threats and risks both internal and external. |
| HWS 304 |
Gender and Warfare |
The role of gender in warfare is an important aspect in conflict situations. This module examines the link amongst gender, nationalism, and war. By the end of this module, students should be able to identify gendered aspects of warfare and the fact that women and men are not only victims but are also perpetrators of violence and war respectively. |
| HWS 305 |
War and Society in Contemporary Africa |
The contemporary African landscape has been impacted by wars. The module will highlight recent developments in African conflicts emphasizing the current challenges of transforming conflict situations into peaceful outcomes. By the end of the module, students should be able to generate skills in mapping and examining the nature and implications of war in its different facets on the contemporary African society. |
| HWS 306 |
Media, Warfare and Security |
Communication change is picking up pace and the media is increasingly playing an important role in warfare. This module covers the role of the different forms of media in warfare. That is, print, electronic and internet. By the end of the module, students will be able to employ various media theories drawn from various case studies across the globe especially how they can raise concern and exacerbate or de-escalate conflicts. |
| HWS 307 |
Contemporary Strategy |
The beginning of the Cold War witnessed politics, security, strategy and economics being shaped by the ideological confrontations between the Soviet Union and her allies on the one hand and the USA and her allies on the other. This module covers the period since 1945 to the present. By the end of the module students will be able to apply the the Cold War, strategy after 1945: deterrence, containment, New World Order-Disorder debates, sanctions, international terrorism, Arab Spring and post-Cold War conflicts (such as the Gulf wars, Afghanistan, the Somalia conflict). Students will also be equipped with skills to utilize their knowledge towards explaining the causes and results of the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1991 and the beginning of world domination by the USA . |
| HWS 308 |
Defence and Security |
There is a growing demand among nations in understanding the field of defence and security matters especially in relation to preparedness in dealing with current and emerging demands of defence and security. The module provides flexible education suitable for a range of learners engaged in complex, evolving defence and security environment. By the end of the module, students will be able to design effective strategic and operational positions in the defence and security sector. |
| HWS 309 |
Civil society and Security |
Civil society has traditionally played a peripheral role in the security realm. The Arab revolutions spurred the involvement of civil society in the security discourse as people felt that they could influence their destinies and future of their countries. This module is designed to equip students with knowledge to identify and explain the role of civil society in the security realm and ways in which civil society influences national and human security, the relations between civil society and security actors. By the end of the module, students should be able to work with civil society organisations to design approaches which civil society can use to influence national security policies. |
| HWS 310 |
Private Military and Security Companies |
Private Military and Security Companies are legal entities that have an impact on national, state and human security. This module is designed to empower students with the knowledge and skills to understand the factors leading to the establishment, development, responsibilities, benefits and challenges experienced by private security entities. By the end of this module, students should be able to formulate the importance of the privatisation of security via the work of private military and/or security services in the 21st Century. |
| HWS 370 |
Attachment |
The module is designed to enable students to undertake an appropriate short period of work-related learning related to war and security with government departments, private security companies, non-governmental organizations, community-based organisations and faith-based organisations or in the form of community-based interventions. The aim of the module is to ensure that students gain useful experience of the work environment and the career opportunities, undertake work related experience related to their academic level and enhance their learning experience building on their academic skills. It is expected that students spent at least four months in either the second or third year of study where the time can be completed in a full-time or part-time mode. Students should register with the module leader and undergo induction on the execution of work-related learning and have the work related learning agreement approved. Academic visits shall be carried out by the module team at least once at the workplace to obtain feedback from the employer or the community leader. It is also an opportunity for the student to ask for feedback from the academic placement supervisor. |
| HWS 401 |
Law of Armed Conflict and International Security |
One of the most important areas of international law is the law regulating recourse to and the use of force. This module is designed to provide an overview of the fundamental principles of the law of armed conflict (or international humanitarian law). By the end of the module, students will be able to employ the two separate and distinct bodies of rules: the jus ad bellum, which is the law governing the legality of the resort to force, and the jus in bello, which is the law regulating the conduct of hostilities in conflict situations. Furthermore, students will be empowered with knowledge and skills in applying various principles and rules relating to the protection of individuals during armed conflict, as well as rules relating to the means, methods of warfare, including weapons issues and issues relating to the implementation of international and national enforcement of international humanitarian law. |
| HWS 402 |
Post-conflict Reconstruction and Nation building |
The rebuilding of nation-states in the aftermath of conflict and state failure represents one of the foremost challenges facing the international community. Transnational criminal syndicates, terrorist organizations and guerrilla groups find sanctuary in fractured environments, which also offer ideal conditions for poverty, human rights abuses, and population displacement to flourish. By the end of the module students will be able to critically explore and articulate the contemporary strategies and approaches employed by international actors to build peace and rebuild weak and shattered nation-states. Students will also be empowered with skills in identifying and rectifying the challenges which affect post-conflict reconstruction and nation building. |
| HWS 403 |
Zimbabwean Security Architecture |
The Zimbabwean Security Architecture is important as it has an effect on the national, state and human security in the nation. This module introduces students to the various security actors, which include but are not limited to the Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air force of Zimbabwe (AZ), Police Service (ZRP), Central Intelligence Organisation (CIO), Prisons and Correctional Services (ZPCS). By the end of the module, students should be able to recognize their functions, effectiveness and the extent to which they are held accountable for their actions by the constitution of Zimbabwe. |
| HWS 404 |
History of Intelligence |
Intelligence enables people to remember description of things and use those descriptions for future behaviour. This module is designed to empower students with knowledge and skills to explore the history and power of intelligence in the modern era. Students will examine, through selected case studies, the evolution of intelligence and its impact on the conduct of warfare during the 20th century and beyond. By the end of the module, students must be able to use the skills gained to design and further improve existing intelligence gathering techniques to enhance the national and human security. |
| HWS 405 |
War, Security and Leadership |
War and security issues can influence the type of leadership of a nation state at any given time. This module is set to empower students to understand the relationship between leadership and war on the one hand, leadership and security on the other. By the end of the module, students should be able to map out and critically provide answers as to why state and non-state actor leaders-use the military instrument of power to achieve their political goals or to ensure security in their domains and formulate policies to implement during war or to address security issues. |
| HWS 406 |
Zimbabwean Foreign Policy and Global Security |
This module introduces students to Zimbabwean foreign policy and its relevance to global security. It equips them with the consequences of Zimbabwe’s foreign policy actions and assessing whether Zimbabwe’s particular goals were not only desirable, but achieved. A possible approach to foreign policy evaluation is to determine whether the policy is balanced or not. A balanced foreign policy combines government and domestic satisfaction with regards to the adaptation of external demands and resource allocation. In addition to these requirements, a balanced foreign policy should be clear, consistent, continue, compatible and adaptable. Furthermore, a balanced foreign policy should have clarity of purpose amidst complex, demanding and confusing events, foreign policy with regards to particular issue should be consistent with the broader foreign policy of an actor, a degree of continuity should be evident and it should be compatible with domestic and international conditions. Finally, a balanced foreign policy should able to adapt to purposes and activities in order to enhance policy innovation. It is in this continuum that this module will be delivered addressing the factors that set in motion the process to achieve the intended outcome of the Zimbabwean foreign policy. It will also look at the use of incentives and other linkages between policy issues and factors providing an indication whether an objective had been met. Thus, this module will allow students to determine the progress, impacts, successes and effects of Zimbabwe’s foreign policy. |
| HWS 407 |
Social Movements, Globalisation and Political Change |
The most fundamental aspects of social movements, globalization and political change are prerequisite towards grasping the dynamic nature of the contemporary global environment. With the aid of selected case studies, this module critically examines social movements, globalization and political change from an interdisciplinary perspective. By the end of the module students will be able to practically employ using different case studies the central themes of changing communications, social networks, and experiences of space and time, and the major economic, political and ideological dimensions of globalisation. |
| HWS 408 |
War and Diplomacy |
Diplomacy and war in national and international politics have interacted with each other in the theory and practice of crisis management. This module is set to examine the role that diplomacy plays in international society and analyses how diplomatic efforts can be impacted by other centres of state power such as armed forces and intelligence agencies. By the end of the module, students should be able to outline theoretical aspects of diplomacy and apply them to case studies. |
| HWS 470 |
Project |
All students shall write a project on an approved topic which must be between 6 000 and 15 000 words long. The project shall be in the form of: a research; a conflict transforming or resolving drama; song; play; model or design; practical community intervention in its different forms; unity building participatory approaches; alternatives to violence project; revitalisation of endogenous strategies of resolving conflict and building peace; livelihood project during and after conflict or natural disaster; nation building approaches; natural disaster: coping and rehabilitation strategies; a write up on security interventions, healing, reconciling and integrating divided families, organisations and communities; and a practicum on mediation, problem solving and negotiation strategies. |
